{"id":5392,"date":"2024-04-28T17:22:10","date_gmt":"2024-04-28T17:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/?p=5392"},"modified":"2024-06-08T15:37:57","modified_gmt":"2024-06-08T15:37:57","slug":"central-library-of-damascus-university","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/central-library-of-damascus-university\/","title":{"rendered":"Central Library of Damascus University"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5392\" class=\"elementor elementor-5392\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c17ef3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c17ef3e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c168432\" data-id=\"3c168432\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60ff2edc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60ff2edc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 26-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Central Library of Damascus University\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d988929 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d988929\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30b85dc6\" data-id=\"30b85dc6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a366248 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4a366248\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 26-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"655\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-1024x655.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5398\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-768x491.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-1536x982.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-500x320.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-800x512.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-1280x818.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1.jpg 1689w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c052439 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c052439\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 26-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Architect: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/khalil-al-farra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khalil Al-Farra<\/a><br \/><\/strong>Year: <strong>1952<br \/><\/strong><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var(--bs-body-color); font-family: var(--bs-body-font-family);\">City: <\/span><strong style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var(--bs-body-color); font-family: var(--bs-body-font-family);\">Damascus, Syria<br \/><\/strong>Building use: <b><\/b><b>Educational, Public<br \/><\/b>Status:<strong> built<br \/><\/strong>Team:<strong> &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-149653f3 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"149653f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/maps.app.goo.gl\/bkax9aaJTUuGQ97a6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-map-marker-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7df4c353\" data-id=\"7df4c353\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57094e55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57094e55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among types of modern structures, public libraries are most indicative of the development of contemporary architecture and its approach in linking design and aesthetic with function and purpose.\u201d &#8211; Khalil Al-Farra.<em><strong><sup>01<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c68241 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c68241\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2994dd\" data-id=\"e2994dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-200d3da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"200d3da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 1950s, Prof. Constantin Zureiq, Head of Damascus University at the time, commissioned Syrian Architect Khalil Al-Farra to design several new buildings for the university, and the Central University Library was the second of such projects.<em><strong><sup>02<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The establishment of the library was officially authorized in 1952.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was up to Zureiq to select the project&#8217;s location on university grounds, but the pool of options was limited. The Damascus University campus at this point was comprised of two sections, separated by a main street named after the university. The first contained the medical faculties and the administrative department of the university. It was the first to be considered but had very little room for new construction, and it was deemed preferable for it to remain <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3dcacb elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"f3dcacb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed58918 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed58918\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong><sup>01\u00a0\u00a0<\/sup><\/strong><\/em>\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1962\u060c 5. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Khalil Al-Farra, the library of Damascus University, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Arab Engineer<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, May 1962, 5.]<\/span><\/p><p><em><strong><sup>02\u00a0 <\/sup><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c 2007.\u00a0 [Khalil Al-Farra, Seventy years of Engineering work, 2007.]\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bba4f1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bba4f1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8fa008d\" data-id=\"8fa008d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a081eb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a081eb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exclusive to medical students. The choice ultimately landed on the second section of the campus, and the library would be built on a part of the entry garden preceding the Faculty of Law (previously <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Al-Thakana AlHamidiye<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or military housing) south of the campus\u2019s main entrance.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c6ab7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c6ab7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-613400d\" data-id=\"613400d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-deff654 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"deff654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Al-Farra prioritized preserving as much of the existing garden as possible and tried to avoid causing any obstruction or overshadowing of nearby buildings (particularly the adjacent Faculty of Law). In general, he strived to maintain coherence with the building heights and aesthetics of the area. Design choices were therefore heavily influenced by the site&#8217;s surroundings, from the garden north of the library to the bustling Baramkeh Street (or University Street) to the south, to the nearby Baramkeh train station.<em><strong><sup>03<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This resulted in a mass of simple, interlocking rectangular blocks of varying heights arranged based on the requirements of the site.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var(--bs-body-color); font-family: var(--bs-body-font-family); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align);\">The highest block primarily accommodates book warehouses across five levels, along with administrative offices, the catalog and index hall, and other functions. It appears solid and opaque compared to the other blocks, which helps it serve as a massive sound wall isolating the main reading hall to its north from the noise of the street to its south.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8666ae elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"c8666ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38c3c05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38c3c05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong><sup>03 <\/sup><\/strong><\/em> Al-Baramke train station was implemented in 1895 and demolished in the sixties in favor of the Car and Bus station project.<\/p><p>(\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u2026\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c&#8221; \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 16\u060c 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/thawra.sy\/?p=480119)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LINK <\/a>[Yasser Hamza, \u201cDamascus Station&#8230;the Oldest Train Station in Syria,\u201d Al-Thawra Newspaper, July 16, 2023.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb2a830 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb2a830\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d61994a\" data-id=\"d61994a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-755770b\" data-id=\"755770b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-99b52e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"99b52e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f7ac3a\" data-id=\"3f7ac3a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94b389 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e94b389\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main reading hall provides a calm environment for readers, overlooking the garden and offering views of the city skyline while utilizing as much indirect natural light as possible through its large windows. It occupies its own block, attached to the warehouse block on its northern side and elevated to the first floor on a grid of receding columns, making it seem like a transparent, floating cube, and giving the library as a whole a sense of lightness among the neighboring buildings.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60967c4 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60967c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a198eaa\" data-id=\"a198eaa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2788cfc\" data-id=\"2788cfc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-25ec094 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"25ec094\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20327c4\" data-id=\"20327c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d24995a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d24995a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The space underneath the reading hall was meant to be a continuation of the garden. Still, due to increased demand, the university administration at one point proposed converting this space into an additional reading hall by adding a glass facade. Al-Farra, for his part, found this addition compatible with the original design, as the transparency of the glass facades maintains the building\u2019s lightness.<em><strong><sup>04<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This expansion is currently being used as a reading hall for the Faculty of Theology.<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5df7c35 elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"5df7c35\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d569d6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d569d6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong><sup>04<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.&#8221;\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Khalil Al-Farra, \u201cThe library of Damascus University.\u201d]<\/span><\/p><p><em><strong><sup>05\u00a0 <\/sup><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibid.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50fa60d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50fa60d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b7e731\" data-id=\"9b7e731\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e12c0e5\" data-id=\"e12c0e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-50608a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50608a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c81135\" data-id=\"1c81135\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33e006f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33e006f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In his design process, Al-Farra outlined key aims and functions for the university library, including document preservation, maximizing worker speed and efficiency, and creating a serene atmosphere to attract readers. He defined three main circulation routes: crowd circulation within the library, the movement of books from arrival to the warehouses, and the movement of books from the warehouses to readers and back again. Al-Farra also recognized the specific functions of university libraries, catering to both a large undergraduate student population, as well as postgraduate students and researchers who require access to far more extensive collections.<em><strong><sup>05<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To address these functions and aims, the design included four main functional bodies connected horizontally and vertically, which are: the book warehouses, a catalog\/index hall, the reading halls, the administration section along with the technical facilities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>The ground floor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contains the secondary reading hall (now the theology reading hall) which can be accessed through a minor entrance on the northwest. It also contains offices and bathrooms, accessible via a service entrance that opens directly onto the main inner stairwell.<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main floor of the project, <\/span><b>the first floor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, features the library&#8217;s primary entrance which is accessible via a wide external staircase. The entrance opens to a small hall containing a control room, a cloakroom, and the main stairwell leading to other levels. To the left of the entrance is a double-story catalog and index hall that serves as the library\u2019s spine, connecting all functions within the building and facilitating horizontal movement for both staff and visitors; vertically, its two-story design enables controlled access to second-floor halls and maintains visual continuity between the two levels. It is strategically placed in a central location with access to the entrance hall and the checkout office that, in turn, directly connects to two reading halls on either side of it. This arrangement enables the consolidation of the attendant\u2019s office and the aforementioned checkout office in one, reducing the number of required staff on hand. Its central location means it has no openings, but it still has adequate natural light through ribbon windows under an elevated section of the ceiling.<\/span><\/p><p><b>The second and final floor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> houses a conference room and four private reading halls of varying sizes, accessible via a deck-like corridor overlooking the index hall.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The book warehouses comprise a block spanning five-storeys: the basement and ground floor, each 3 meters high and on the same level as the rest of the building; the first floor is divided into two half floors, each 2.5 meters high; and the second and final floor is 2.8 meters high. The plan of the warehouse floors consists of parallel rows of bookcases with a total capacity of 300,000 volumes, in the center of which is the vertical circulation core with metal stairs and elevators. \u00a0 Additional facilities for printing, binding, copying on film, and other services are located in the basement and ground floor.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The southern facade features windows in a variety of shapes and dimensions, reflecting the arrangement of functions within the building and adding texture to the facade. It can be visually divided into 4 distinct sections. The first and biggest section is taken up by the warehouses, which have elongated rectangular windows, each divided into four parts by horizontal concrete sunshades, and are proportional in width to the corridors between the bookcases. On the upper left side of the facade is the second section, taken up by private reading halls and administration offices that have large, double-framed windows with square grills topped by a row of small rectangular windows. The third section of the facade covers the elevated part of the basement, which is illuminated by a row of small rectangular windows along the bottom edge of the ground floor. The fourth and final section is the stairwell, which features glass facades on both the northern and southern sides, enclosed within a solid concrete frame.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The building&#8217;s exterior surfaces were coated with sprayed concrete. The structure is a concrete skeleton, and to decrease the thickness of the slabs of the warehouses, which are under far greater static loads than the rest of the building, the number of columns was increased and arranged using the same grid as the bookcases.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-05dc414 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"05dc414\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4871130\" data-id=\"4871130\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-260cab9\" data-id=\"260cab9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d81146 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d81146\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-efd2a7f\" data-id=\"efd2a7f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18522fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18522fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because of the project&#8217;s budgetary constraints, cost-effective materials were chosen for most finishing works such as cladding and flooring, except for the reading hall ceiling, which was covered with high-quality soundproofing sheets that were also used to hide light fixtures. Additionally, a hydronic (liquid-based) radiant heating system was incorporated into the design.<\/span> <em><strong><sup>06<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a90975 elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"5a90975\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-321fb4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"321fb4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em><strong><sup>06<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.&#8221;\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Khalil Al-Farra, \u201cThe library of Damascus University.\u201d]<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5251a6b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5251a6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-83e5205\" data-id=\"83e5205\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07ca269 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07ca269\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong><sup>01\u00a0\u00a0<\/sup><\/strong><\/em>\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1962\u060c 5. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Khalil Al-Farra, the library of Damascus University, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Arab Engineer<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, May 1962, 5.]<\/span><\/p><p><em><strong><sup>02\u00a0 <\/sup><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c 2007.\u00a0 [Khalil Al-Farra, Seventy years of Engineering work, 2007.]\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><em><strong><sup>03 <\/sup><\/strong><\/em> Al-Baramke train station was implemented in 1895 and demolished in the sixties in favor of the Car and Bus station project.<\/p><p>(\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u2026\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c&#8221; \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 16\u060c 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/thawra.sy\/?p=480119)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LINK <\/a>[Yasser Hamza, \u201cDamascus Station&#8230;the Oldest Train Station in Syria,\u201d Al-Thawra Newspaper, July 16, 2023.<\/p><p><em><strong><sup>04<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.&#8221;\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Khalil Al-Farra, \u201cThe library of Damascus University.\u201d]<\/span><\/p><p><em><strong><sup>05\u00a0 <\/sup><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibid.<\/span><\/p><p><em><strong><sup>06<\/sup><\/strong><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ibid.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-34d3607d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"34d3607d\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_m02n005_051962Pg0Fig1-13x12.jpg 13w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_m02n005_051962Pg0Fig1-500x449.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_m02n005_051962Pg0Fig1-800x718.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_m02n005_051962Pg0Fig1.jpg 1267w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5393'>\n\t\t\t\tPhoto of the southeastern corner of the building  | 11.17*9.53 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, cover (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_photo of t\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"photo of the northeastern corner of the library building | 7.99*5.77 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 14 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTQwNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzE0RmlnMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig1-300x230.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig1-300x230.jpg 300w, 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building | 7.99*5.77 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 14 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_the method\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"the method of illuminating the index hall through the ceiling  | 8.05*11.49 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 11 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTQwMCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzExRmlnMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg11Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg11Fig1-198x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg11Fig1-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg11Fig1-676x1024.jpg 676w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg11Fig1-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg11Fig1-500x757.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg11Fig1.jpg 713w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5400'>\n\t\t\t\tthe method of illuminating the index hall through the ceiling  | 8.05*11.49 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 11 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_ photo of\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"photo of the main reading hall  | 8.06*5.77 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 14 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTQwNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzE0RmlnMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2-300x227.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2-1024x774.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2-768x580.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2-500x378.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2-800x605.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2-1280x967.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg14Fig2.jpg 1429w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5405'>\n\t\t\t\tphoto of the main reading hall  | 8.06*5.77 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 14 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_the librar\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"the library entrance and the external stairway that leads to the main floor of the building (the first floor)  | 16.32*9.89 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 9 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTM5OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzlGaWcxLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjExN2RkNjIzIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-300x192.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-768x491.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-1536x982.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-500x320.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-800x512.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1-1280x818.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg9Fig1.jpg 1689w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5398'>\n\t\t\t\tthe library entrance and the external stairway that leads to the main floor of the building (the first floor)  | 16.32*9.89 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 9 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_general vi\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"general view of the library building (the image showcases the eastern entrance of the Baramke Damascus University faculties campus to the left and part of the Faculty of Law to the right)   | 16.36*8.93 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 6 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTM5NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzZGaWcxLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjExN2RkNjIzIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1-300x173.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1-1024x591.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1-1536x886.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1-500x288.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1-800x462.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1-1280x738.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg6Fig1.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5394'>\n\t\t\t\tgeneral view of the library building (the image showcases the eastern entrance of the Baramke Damascus University faculties campus to the left and part of the Faculty of Law to the right)   | 16.36*8.93 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 6 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_second flo\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"second floor plan: (1) book warehouse, (10)elevators, (11)catalog\/index hall, (14)checkout office, (16)private reading hall, (17)reading and conference hall, (18)main reading hall roof | 16.57*10.24 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 15 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTQwNiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzE1RmlnMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1-300x173.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1-1024x591.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1-1536x886.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1-500x288.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1-800x462.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1-1280x738.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg15Fig1.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5406'>\n\t\t\t\tsecond floor plan: (1) book warehouse, (10)elevators, (11)catalog\/index hall, (14)checkout office, (16)private reading hall, (17)reading and conference hall, (18)main reading hall roof | 16.57*10.24 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 15 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_first floo\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"first floor plan: (1) book warehouse, (4) cloakroom, (5) reading hall, (9) entrance hall, (10) elevators, (11) index\/catalog hall, (12) administrative offices, (13) teachers&#039; room, (14) checkout office   | 17.05*10.73 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 13 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTQwMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzEzRmlnMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1-300x173.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1-1024x591.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1-1536x886.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1-500x288.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1-800x462.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1-1280x738.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg13Fig1.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5403'>\n\t\t\t\tfirst floor plan: (1) book warehouse, (4) cloakroom, (5) reading hall, (9) entrance hall, (10) elevators, (11) index\/catalog hall, (12) administrative offices, (13) teachers&#8217; room, (14) checkout office   | 17.05*10.73 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 13 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_southern f\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"southern facade | 18.29*4.79 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 12 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTQwMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzEyRmlnMi1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMTE3ZGQ2MjMifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"109\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-300x109.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-300x109.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-1024x372.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-768x279.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-1536x558.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-2048x744.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-18x7.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-500x182.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-800x291.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-1280x465.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig2-1920x697.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5402'>\n\t\t\t\tsouthern facade | 18.29*4.79 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 12 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_basement p\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"basement plan: (1)book warehouse, (2) warehouse, (10) elevators | 17.08*10.6 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 12 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTQwMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzEyRmlnMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1-300x173.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1-1024x591.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1-1536x886.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1-500x288.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1-800x462.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1-1280x738.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg12Fig1.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5401'>\n\t\t\t\tbasement plan: (1)book warehouse, (2) warehouse, (10) elevators | 17.08*10.6 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 12 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_section B-\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"section B-B | 16.53*5.19 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 1 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTM5OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzEwRmlnMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1-300x173.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1-1024x591.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1-1536x886.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1-500x288.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1-800x462.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1-1280x738.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg10Fig1.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5399'>\n\t\t\t\tsection B-B | 16.53*5.19 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 1 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_cross sect\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"cross section A-A | 17.56*7.43 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 8 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTM5NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzhGaWcyLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjExN2RkNjIzIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2-300x173.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2-1024x591.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2-1536x886.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2-500x288.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2-800x462.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2-1280x738.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig2.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5397'>\n\t\t\t\tcross section A-A | 17.56*7.43 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 8 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_eastern fa\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"eastern facade | 18.3*6.73 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 8 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTM5NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzhGaWcxLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjExN2RkNjIzIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1-300x173.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1-1024x591.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1-768x443.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1-1536x886.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1-500x288.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1-800x462.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1-1280x738.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg8Fig1.jpg 1872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5396'>\n\t\t\t\teastern facade | 18.3*6.73 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 8 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Central Library of Damascus University_Khalil-AlFarra_ground flo\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"ground floor plan, (1) book warehouse, (3) entrance to reading hall, (4) cloakroom, (5) reading hall, (6) office, (7) bathrooms, (8) service area, (10) elevators | 18.05*11.88 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 7 (at AMASyria)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTM5NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9BTUFTeXJpYV9SRUZfTTAyTjAwNV8wNTE5NjJQZzdGaWcxLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjExN2RkNjIzIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1-300x169.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1-768x433.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1-500x282.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1-800x451.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1-1280x721.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/AMASyria_REF_M02N005_051962Pg7Fig1.jpg 1917w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5395'>\n\t\t\t\tground floor plan, (1) book warehouse, (3) entrance to reading hall, (4) cloakroom, (5) reading hall, (6) office, (7) bathrooms, (8) service area, (10) elevators | 18.05*11.88 | in The Arab Engineer Magazine, no. 5, May 1962, 7 (at AMASyria)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | The northern facade of the building\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | The northern facade of the building\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjIyNywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA1XC9cdTAwYTlBTUFTeXJpYS0yMDI0X3N5X2RpXzAwMTVwaDAxZGlnLTEtc2NhbGVkLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjExN2RkNjIzIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-1280x853.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph01dig-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6227'>\n\t\t\t\t\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | The northern facade of the building\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | The western facade of the building\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | The western facade of the building\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjIyNiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA1XC9cdTAwYTlBTUFTeXJpYS0yMDI0X3N5X2RpXzAwMTVwaDAyZGlnLTEtc2NhbGVkLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjExN2RkNjIzIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-200x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-500x750.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-800x1200.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-1280x1920.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph02dig-1-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6226'>\n\t\t\t\t\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | The western facade of the building\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the northeastern corner of the building\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the northeastern corner of the building\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjIxMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA1XC9cdTAwYTlBTUFTeXJpYS0yMDI0X3N5X2RpXzAwMTVwaDAzZGlnLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-200x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-500x750.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-800x1200.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-1280x1920.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph03dig-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6211'>\n\t\t\t\t\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the northeastern corner of the building\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the southeastern corner of the building\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the southeastern corner of the building\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjIxMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA1XC9cdTAwYTlBTUFTeXJpYS0yMDI0X3N5X2RpXzAwMTVwaDA0ZGlnLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-200x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-500x750.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-800x1200.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-1280x1920.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph04dig-scaled.jpg 1706w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6212'>\n\t\t\t\t\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the southeastern corner of the building\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024_sy_di_0015ph05dig\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the index hall, indirect illumination, and the checkout\/attendant&#039;s office (low right)\" 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https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph12dig-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6220'>\n\t\t\t\t\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the main reading hall\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"117dd623\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the main reading hal\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the main reading hal\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjIyMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5hbWFzeXJpYS5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA1XC9cdTAwYTlBTUFTeXJpYS0yMDI0X3N5X2RpXzAwMTVwaDEzZGlnLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMTdkZDYyMyJ9\" 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https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph14dig-1280x1920.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph14dig-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u00a9AMASyria-2024_sy_di_0015ph14dig-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6222'>\n\t\t\t\t\u00a9AMASyria, 2024 | the main entrance\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Central Library of Damascus University Architect: Khalil Al-FarraYear: 1952City: Damascus, SyriaBuilding use: Educational, PublicStatus: builtTeam: &#8211; Among types of modern structures, public libraries are most indicative of the development of contemporary architecture and its approach in linking design and aesthetic with function and purpose.\u201d &#8211; Khalil Al-Farra.01 In the 1950s, Prof. Constantin Zureiq, Head of &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/central-library-of-damascus-university\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Central Library of Damascus University<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5398,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":{"x":0.5,"y":0.49},"footnotes":""},"categories":[89,24],"tags":[103,102,29,27,33,90,31,91,101],"class_list":["post-5392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khalil-al-farra-work","category-projects","tag-1950s","tag-arab-modern-architecture","tag-built","tag-damascus","tag-educational","tag-modern-architecture","tag-public","tag-syria","tag-syrian-architecture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5392"}],"version-history":[{"count":67,"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6936,"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5392\/revisions\/6936"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amasyria.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}